Sakoku

Sakoku (鎖国, harfiah: nogara unti-unti/nogara rante-rante) yito tinepo luar neneri lo Japangi, mongaturu tawu deli diila ijiniyalo tumuwoto ode Japangi meyalo tawu lo Japangi diila ijiniyalo olo molola lipu lo Japangi. Taa molawani buto'a botiya mo'otapu hukumani mate. Tinepo lipu botiya pilopotatapuliyo to wakutu Keshogunan Tokugawa to parenta lo Tokugawa Iemitsu. Aturangi botiya pilopotatapuliyo to periode 1633-1639. Aturangi botiya onggo pasi-pasi sambe ulodungga mayi le Komodor Matthew Perry taawunu 1853 wawu Japangi maa hilu'oliyo. Dabo ra'iyati lo Japangi debo diipo mowali lumuwalo ode lipu uweewo sambe pilopotatapuliyo Restorasi Meiji taawunu 1868.

Istilah Sakoku asaliliyo lonto ilomata sastra Sakoku-ron (鎖国論), ilomata le Shitsuki Tadao to taawunu 1801. TeShitsuki lopowali lo tahe boyito to wakutu hemotarjamah ilomata le Engelbert Kaempfer, pengelana Jerman abad o-17, hemosilita tomimbihu Japangi. Istilah u layito hepopohunaliyo to sa'ati botiya morujuk ode tinepo botiya de'uwitoyito kaikin (海禁, momatasi deheto) Kebijakan sakoku botiya diila opatuju mongisolasi lipu lo Japangi. Patuju lo aturangi botiya alihu sistem peraturan lo dahangi wolo nogara uweewo mowali to'aturu.

Tinepo botiya lopotatapu bo tuwawuliyo lo Eropa taa lo'otapu ijini tumuwoto modahangi wolo japangi bo pabrik meyalo kantori dahangi lo Walanta to Dejima, Nagasaki. Odito olo dahangi wolo Sina urusaniliyo to Nagasaki, wawu utiya paralu da'a ode lipu lo Japangi. Dahangi wolo Korea urusaniliyo wolo domain Tsushima (masa botiya tayadu Prefektur Nagasaki), wolo Ainu hubungiyaliyo wolo domain Matsumae to Hokkaido, wawu wolo Kerajaan Ryūkyū wumbutaliyo wolo domain Satsuma (masatiya tayadu Prefektur Kagoshima).

Dahangi to aturu lo sakoku

To masa boyito, Japangi longaruru perdagangan lowali limo lo tayadu, molibaya moli wopato gerbang. Moli domain klan Matsumae to Hokkaido dahangi wolo tawu lo Ainu. Molibaya moli klan So domain Tsushima modahangi wolo Dinasti Joseon Korea. VOC lo'otapu ijini modahangi to Nagasaki, sama-sama wolo dahangi monto Tiongkok, taa hipodahangiya wolo Kerajaan Ryukyu. Ryukyu botiya kerajaan semi-independen u ngope'e ngohilaya'o periode to walungo parenta lo klan Shimazu domain Satsuma.

Oditoliyo perdagangan lo Japangi to sa'ati boyito taya-tayade duluwo lo lembo'a uda'a: Lembo'a A perdagangan wolo Sina wawu Walanta, hubungan relasiliyo to walungo yurisdiksi Bakufu to Nagasaki wawu Lembo'a B, diwakili oleh Korea wawu Kerajaan Ryūkyū, huhubungiya wolo Tsushima (klan Sō) wawu Satsuma (klan Shimazu)^[1]

Dulo lembo'a perdagangan hihihede botiya lowali pola dasar perdagangan tumuwoto wawu lumuwalo to Japangi. Perdagangan lumuwalo monto Japangi ode Kerajaan Ryūkyū, to pulitaliyo mota monto duluwo lo tambati boyito dilelo ode Sina. To kepulauan Ryukyu klan-klan u wawayita lomongu kota-kota perdagangan to tihedu wilayah teritorial lo Japangi.^[2]

Kegiatan modahangi wolo dahangi monto Sina wawu Walanta bo mowali pohutuwolo to pulo tanggula Dejima, u lalahiya wolo Nagasaki, bubu-bubulo selat kiki'o. Tawu deli diila mowali tumuwoto ode Japangi moli Dejima, wawu odito olo tawu lo Japangi diila mowali tumuwoto ode Dejima wonu diipo lo'otapu ijini khusus monto pihak berwenang.

Referensi

↑ Kazui, Tashiro (1982). terjemahan bahasa Inggris oleh Susan Downing Videen. "Foreign Relations During the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined". Journal of Japanese Studies. 8 (2). JSTOR 132341.
↑ Toby, Ronald (1984). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691612843.

[Kazui-1] Kazui, Tashiro (1982). terjemahan bahasa Inggris oleh Susan Downing Videen. "Foreign Relations During the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined". Journal of Japanese Studies. 8 (2). JSTOR 132341.

[Toby-2] Toby, Ronald (1984). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691612843.

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