Elektron

Elektron uyito-yito partikel sub-atom u bermuatan negatif wau uumumuliyo tuladu odelo e-. Elektron diila woluo komponen duduta'a mealo substruktur apapun u otawalo, sambe tiyo to parcayai odelo partikel elementer.^[1] Elektron woluo massa ngohelili 1/1836 massa proton.^[2]

Elektron, u termasuk ode delomo generasi koluarga partikel lepton bungalio^[3], berpartisipasi modelomo interaksi gravitasi, interaksi elektromagnetik wau interaksi molulupuhu.^[4] Sama odelo ngo'aa'ami materi, elektron o watade bak partikel mealo bak baleango, sambe tiyo mowali bertumbukan wolo partikel uwewo wau berdifraksi odelo tilango. Ole sababu elektron termasuk fermion, duluwo elektron berbeda diila mowali menduduki koadaan kuantum u sama sesuai lo duduta'a pengecualian Pauli.

Sojara

Fisikawan Jerman Johann Wilhelm Hittorf mohutu kajian mengenai konduktivitas listrik modelomo gas. To taawunu 1869, tiyo mo'otapu ngobotu pancaran u dipancarkan mondo katode u tu'udulio meningkat wolo lo'u tuhu-tuhuta olio tekanan gas. To taawunu 1876 Fisikawan Jerman Eugen Goldstein mopobilohe uyito-yito tilango pancaran botia mo'otapu bayangliyo, tiyo hetanggulio ma'o tilango katode. Semasa taawunu 1870-an kimiawan wau fisikawan Inggris William Crookes mopobu'ade tabung katode bungalio u vakum.^[5] Tiyo lapata'o mopobilohe tilango berpendar u ondonga to delomo tabung boito modelo energi wau mo'olio'a mondo katode ode anode. Lebe molamingo poli, mopohuna medan magnetik, tiyo mowali mopobale tilango boito wau mendemonstrasikan uyito-yito berkas botia berprilaku madelo tiyo bermuatan negatif.^[6]

Karakteristik

Modelomo model standar Fisika partikel, elektron termasuk ode delomo golongan partikel sub atom u pole lepton, u diparcayai odelo partikel elementer. Elektron woluo massa u terendah to wolota lepton bermuatan uwewolio wau termasuk ode delomo partikel elementer generasi bungalio.^[7] Generasi oluolio wau otolulio lio woluo lepton bermuatan, de'uyito-yito muon wau tauon, u identik wolo elektron to hale lo detohulio, spin, wau interaksiliyo, terkecuali oluolio lio bermassalebe damango. Lepton berbeda londo konstituen materi uwewolio odelo kuark sababu lepton diila woluo interaksi molotolo. Ngo'aa'ami anggota golongan lepton uyito-yito termasuk fermion sababu ngo'aa'ami liyo woluo spin ¹⁄_2. ^[8]

Pencitraan

Mikroskop elektron mopodulunga berkas elektron u difokuskan ode tuwawu spesimen. To sa'ati berkas boyito wolo spesimen, ngo'olo elektron moboli'a watadelio, lumadulio to dulungo pergerakan, tutu, energi, wau fase relatif elektron. Lo boli'a to berkas elektron, ilmuwan mowali mo'otapu citra material u diperbesar boito.^[9]

Referensi

↑ Eichten, Estia J.; Lane, Kenneth D.; Peskin, Michael E. (1983-03-14). "New Tests for Quark and Lepton Substructure". Physical Review Letters. 50 (11): 811–814. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.811.
↑ "CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". physics.nist.gov. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-23.
↑ Curtis, L. J. (2003). Atomic structure and lifetimes : a conceptual approach. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-511-07876-5. OCLC 57508281.
↑ Anastopoulos, Charis (2008). Particle or wave : the evolution of the concept of matter in modern physics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13512-0. OCLC 181142101.
↑ DeKosky, Robert K. (1983-01-XX). "William Crookes and the quest for absolute vacuum in the 1870s". Annals of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 40 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1080/00033798300200101. ISSN 0003-3790.
↑ Leicester, Henry Marshall (1971). The historical background of chemistry. New York,: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-61053-5. OCLC 206469.
↑ Frampton, Paul H.; Hung, P.Q.; Sher, Marc (2000-06-XX). "Quarks and leptons beyond the third generation". Physics Reports (dalam bahasa Inggris). 330 (5-6): 263–348. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00095-2.
↑ Raith, Wilhelm (2001). Constituents of Matter: Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles. CRC Press. hlm. 777–781. ISBN 0849312027.
↑ "Dennis McMullan Scanning Microscope". www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-23.

[1] Eichten, Estia J.; Lane, Kenneth D.; Peskin, Michael E. (1983-03-14). "New Tests for Quark and Lepton Substructure". Physical Review Letters. 50 (11): 811–814. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.811.

[2] "CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". physics.nist.gov. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-23.

[3] Curtis, L. J. (2003). Atomic structure and lifetimes : a conceptual approach. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-511-07876-5. OCLC 57508281.

[4] Anastopoulos, Charis (2008). Particle or wave : the evolution of the concept of matter in modern physics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13512-0. OCLC 181142101.

[5] DeKosky, Robert K. (1983-01-XX). "William Crookes and the quest for absolute vacuum in the 1870s". Annals of Science (dalam bahasa Inggris). 40 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1080/00033798300200101. ISSN 0003-3790.

[6] Leicester, Henry Marshall (1971). The historical background of chemistry. New York,: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-61053-5. OCLC 206469.

[7] Frampton, Paul H.; Hung, P.Q.; Sher, Marc (2000-06-XX). "Quarks and leptons beyond the third generation". Physics Reports (dalam bahasa Inggris). 330 (5-6): 263–348. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00095-2.

[8] Raith, Wilhelm (2001). Constituents of Matter: Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles. CRC Press. hlm. 777–781. ISBN 0849312027.

[9] "Dennis McMullan Scanning Microscope". www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-23.

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